Spanish validation of the PBAT and cross-country mapping of process-outcome networks using link community analysis

Authors

Carmen Goicoechea

Amie Wallman-Jones

Joseph Ciarrochi

Steven C. Hayes

Stefan G. Hofmann

Pandelis Perakakis

Published

January 1, 2026

Author’s version, self-archived on this server. The version of record is published in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.

We validate the Spanish version of the Process-Based Assessment Tool in 602 adults and map process-outcome networks across Spain, the U.S., Sweden and Poland. Link community analysis reveals country-specific differences in which psychological processes most strongly predict distress: difficulty finding an appropriate emotional outlet is most central in Spain, perceived inability to change ineffective behaviour in the U.S., and cognitive interference and attentional difficulty in Sweden, while Poland shows a more distributed pattern.

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Citation

BibTeX citation:
@article{goicoechea2026,
  author = {Goicoechea, Carmen and Wallman-Jones, Amie and Ciarrochi,
    Joseph and Hayes, Steven C. and Hofmann, Stefan G. and Perakakis,
    Pandelis},
  title = {Spanish Validation of the {PBAT} and Cross-Country Mapping of
    Process-Outcome Networks Using Link Community Analysis},
  journal = {Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {101021},
  date = {2026},
  url = {https://pandelisperakakis.info/research/affect-dynamics/papers/spanish-pbat-link-communities.html},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101021},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Goicoechea, Carmen, Amie Wallman-Jones, Joseph Ciarrochi, Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, and Pandelis Perakakis. 2026. “Spanish Validation of the PBAT and Cross-Country Mapping of Process-Outcome Networks Using Link Community Analysis.” Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 41: 101021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101021.